What is HIV?
HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, which is our body’s natural defence against illness. The virus destroys a type of white blood cell in the immune system called a T-helper cell, and makes copies of itself inside these cells. T-helper cells are also referred to as CD4 cells.
As HIV destroys more CD4 cells and makes more copies of itself, it gradually breaks down a person’s immune system. This means someone living with HIV, who is not receiving treatment, will find it harder and harder to fight off infections and diseases.
If HIV is left untreated, it may take up to 10 or 15 years for the immune system to be so severely damaged it can no longer defend itself at all. However, the speed HIV progresses will vary depending on age, health and background.
Basic facts about HIV
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus.
There is effective antiretroviral treatment available so people with HIV can live a normal, healthy life.
The earlier HIV is diagnosed, the sooner treatment can start – leading to better long term health.
HIV is found in semen, blood, vaginal and anal fluids, and breast milk.
HIV cannot be transmitted through sweat, saliva or urine.
Using male condoms or female condoms during sex is the best way to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
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